(2) Anton Gerashchenko on X: "An approximate estimate of the financial losses of the Russian aviation sector in 2025 due to the regular implementation of the "Kover" (closure of airspace) plan during Ukrainian drone attacks, based solely on open Russian sources, could amount to about $1.6-$2.4 billion. Over https://t.co/k09cUNvIa2" / X
 
	An approximate estimate of the financial losses of the Russian aviation sector in 2025 due to the regular implementation of the "Kover" (closure of airspace) plan during Ukrainian drone attacks, based solely on open Russian sources, could amount to about $1.6-$2.4 billion.
 
	Over the first eight months of 2025, restrictions due to Ukrainian drone attacks were introduced nearly 500 times at Russian airports, according to a summary based on RBC data as of early October. Indicative daily losses for airlines during a collapse similar to the one on July 5-6 (mass closures at several key airports) "could cost airlines up to about 20 billion rubles (approximately $247 million) per day." This estimate was published by Kommersant and later echoed by Forbes and Mail.ru Finance.
 
	For example, at St. Petersburg’s Pulkovo Airport, during the first wave of closures on July 4-7 (172 flights canceled), direct losses for Pulkovo amounted to about 50-55 million rubles (approximately $617,600-$679,400). Total losses over the summer are estimated at about 100-150 million rubles ($1.24-$1.85 million), while airlines faced higher costs due to hotels, transfers, and passenger rebooking. In October, a series of simultaneous shutdowns occurred at 7-11 airports (Volgograd, Kazan, Samara, Krasnodar, Sochi, Kaluga, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, Ulyanovsk, Izhevsk, Ufa), as confirmed by Rosaviatsiya and Russian media.
 
	An average day with multiple closures (five to ten airports) is proportionally less costly - roughly about 12 billion rubles ($74.1-$148.2 million) per day for airlines (an extrapolation from a "major day," adjusted for the number of affected hubs and flights). Local or short-term closures (one to three airports for two to four hours) are estimated to cost airlines 1-3 billion rubles per day ($12.35-$37.05 million), and airports 5-30 million rubles ($61,800-$370,600), depending on traffic (extrapolated based on the Pulkovo calibration).
 
	Out of the roughly 500 incidents over ten months, only part were "major days." The estimated total losses for Russian airlines from January to October 2025 (direct and quasi-direct costs, including rebooking, meals/hotels, compensations, fuel/crew, and downtime) amounted to approximately 120–180 billion rubles ($1.48-$2.23 billion).
 
	For airports, approximate losses (non-aero + aero revenues, ground handling, parking, retail/food & beverage, and other services) amounted to about 8-15 billion rubles ($100-$186 million). In total, for the entire sector (airlines + airports), the estimated losses are around 130-195 billion rubles ($1.6-$2.4 billion) for 2025 (as of early October).
 
	These figures reflect an approximate order of magnitude derived from Russian publications and scaling.