薩英戦争 (Satsuma War) AKA Bombardment of Kagoshima. August 15 - 17, 1863.
The British demanded £100,000 for the Namamugi Outrage, in which Charles Lennox Richardson was killed for not showing the proper respect to the Japanese regent. The shogun was in Kyoto; the bakufu (Tokugawa shogunate administrators) paid the British but Satsuma Province refused to apologize by executing the two samurai and paying a £25,000 compensation to Richardson's survivors. The reasoning was the Unequal Treaties. An example is white people behaving as they pleased without obeying Japanese law and custom which caused a growing anti-foreigner sentiment. Emperor Komei decreed the "Order to expel barbarians".
After months of stalled "negotiations", British warships sailed from Yokohama Bay into Kagoshima Harbor. To teach the Japanese a lesson, they pirated several commercial steamships (which they burned to the waterline - pissing off the British sailors as they wouldn't have a share in the plundered prize money).
Meanwhile, Satsuma Province had enough of the British shit . The city was evacuated and shore batteries began firing on the ships. Suffering heavy losses, the British left.
It is curious how often American and European powers resorted to naval and military action against foreign cities and fortresses if things didn't go their way.