The most obvious is Smoot-Hawley, which took the damage from from the Stock Market collapse of 1929 and the follow on bank runs, started a global trade war and took a bad recession and made it the Great Depression.
The McKinley Tariffs of 1893 excerbated the Panic of 1893 by dramatically raising prices and restricting economic activity. The Panic of 1837 was brought on by land speculation in the West, as well as an effort to recapitalize the English Banking system, sucking money out of the East Coast banks. But tariffs on Agriculutural products implemented at the insistence of Southern Politicians to protect domestic markets excerbated the problem.
I guess it's more accurate to say that substantial tariffs have a propensity to suppress economic activity and greatly excerbated existing poor economic conditions. From an macro economic perspective: I'm not going to rehash the third week of Economics 101. You either took the class and implicitly understand tariffs are bad for economies (whether they are a net overall good for a society is a different conversation) or you don't.
As to other countries: Most of the world abides by a series of global trade treaties or submits to binding decisions by the World Trade Organization. If a country has imposed a tariff, is usually because the other side has agreed it's okay, lost a WTO case, or just doesn't care because it's not a source of much trade.
We are currently under a trade agreement with Mexico and Canada, that Donald Trump negotiated. He's angry about his own deal.