I don't see how it isn't a constitutional crisis if he ignores the Supreme Court's decision upholding the injunction against his administration. The legal way to justify the question would be by going back to court to get the injunction lifted before printing the form with the question. Ordering the form to be printed with the question, if that is what he does, would put the Court in the position of having to uphold the administration's action based on whatever bullshit rationale is in the EO, or wag a finger but say it's too late to remove the question, or else risk the loss of its power with respect to the Executive. That's a crisis.
We've had a few situations along those lines. FDR threatened court-packing, but at least he was threatening a legal, constitutional approach, and he couldn't do it without congressional support. This is more akin to Marbury v. Madison or the Andrew Jackson "let him enforce it" case, but if I'm not mistaken both cases avoided issuing court orders under threat of non-compliance; here the Court could be forced to excuse non-compliance with an existing order. Either way, those examples arguably presented constitutional crises too, which is why they are such well-known and well-studied situations.