And, for anyone who wasn't following this much 1.5 year and half ago, or has forgotten:
Rudy is frequently portrayed as Trump's lawyer. At least when it comes to the Ukrainian scandal, that's really not true. Trump, and the power of the presidency, was the product not the customer. Just like Michael Cohen was selling influence on Trump for various lobbyists, and Elliott Broidy was selling influence for foreign powers, Rudy was selling influence for a Ukrainian fugitive named Dmitri Firtash.
Firtash is a Ukrainian oligarch who made his fortune in the gas industry by getting sweetheart deals from Russia on gas sold to Ukraine. He is currently living in Vienna, fighting extradition to the US on different corruption charges. Firtash paid Lev and Igor (remember "Fraud Guarantee) to help fight the extradition. Fraud Guarantee hired Rudy for $500k to assist in that effort. Firtash was Rudy's ultimate client in trying to get the DOJ to drop charges. Firtash also hired Toensing and deGenova as his official attorneys in this effort, paying them about $1M.
This has all been well documented since prior to the first impeachment. It seems like foreign lobbyists laws are fairly messy, and previously not enforced well. With Rudy, it seems fairly obvious he was lobbying Trump for a foreign agent. I imagine with Toensing and deGenevo, it's a little trickier to distinguish "lobbying" and being a legal advocate. But I am curious if they were a conduit for money flowing to Rudy. Certainly Rudy would trust them more then Lev and Igor, and they would have some coverage under attorney-client protections. When Rudy was paid by Lev and Igor, it was via a different law office.
So, how did this all play into Ukrainian investigations of Biden and the firing of Maria Yovanovitch as ambassador. My guess is that was a question of trading favors. Firtash wanted charges dropped. Trump wanted a Ukrainian investigation of Biden. There were elements in Ukraine who wanted Maria fired because she was representing a foreign policy that would push them out of power. Those Ukrainian elements (which didn't include PM Zelensky) gave interviews and implied an investigation was thwarted in Ukraine. Trump fired Maria. Rudy facilitated this for Firtash, because then Trump would owe a favor. But, Trump never got an official, credible investigation. Firtash didn't get a pardon. And then Trump, with Rudy's involvement, pushed PM Zelensky to open an investigation by dangling military support as the motivator. A lot of that is speculation on my part. It's also possible that Rudy was getting paid by other actors, particularly around Ukraine's natural gas industry, that pushed some of this. But as far as I know, Trump didn't pay Rudy for any of this, and I don't think Rudy was working for free. Follow the money.