This exact topic came up this past weekend. My dad and I own the property (my dad owns majority), and he pretty much asked for two rules to be followed. 1) Don't drive off the existing dirt roads. 2) Shoot your deer in the shoulder. I didn't give the second rule much thought, and honestly I'd shoot a doe or spike in the head without pause.
My BIL was out at our place this weekend. He's shot a few pigs there this year (we just bought it in January), but hadn't harvested a deer yet. He's very cognizant and respectful towards my dad. He had a big axis doe come out Saturday morning. I was texting with him from another stand and gave him the green light to shoot it. He shoots an AR platform 6.5 Creedmoor. Nice Vortex scope. Great rifle. Shoots straight and fast. Well, he shoots her right behind the shoulder. He said she dropped a bit then ran off. We let her sit for an hour. Got down. Found bright red blood, so we're thinking lung shot. We followed it for 100 yds, saw where she probably stopped for a second (pool of blood the size of a coaster), then nothing. We searched the area for a few more hours and couldn't find where the trail picked back up. The stand he was in is probably 400 yds from the back fence line and the blood trail was heading that way, so there's a chance she hopped the fence onto the neighbor's property. We have his number and tried to call but no answer (older guy, lives in San Angelo).
The best we can figure, the shot went straight through. My BIL was kicking himself for not shooting her in the head (<100 yd shot). After a few beers, my dad started ribbing him for not shooting a "man's rifle". He shoots a 30/30 or a 30-06. It was all in good fun, but it sucks to lose an animal for sure. I'm of the opinion that every shot is different, and as a shooter, you should take the shot that makes the most sense and can take the animal down quickly and efficiently. If you're comfortable with a head shot, then take it. If not, aim for the front shoulders and live with a little less meat. I think the loss of an animal like that did give my dad pause and understand that a shoulder shot isn't always the right shot.