From Chat GPT:
Data on voting patterns by race and gender, particularly for Black women, are not available from the era of emancipation through much of the early 20th century. The 15th Amendment in 1870 gave Black men the right to vote, but systemic disenfranchisement (like Jim Crow laws, literacy tests, and poll taxes) severely limited Black voter participation until the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Additionally, women, including Black women, did not secure the right to vote until the 19th Amendment was passed in 1920. However, due to voter suppression in the South, Black women were largely prevented from voting until after the Voting Rights Act.
Here’s a general summary of the modern era, post-1965, for Black women’s voting trends in U.S. presidential elections (based on available data):
1. **1968 (Nixon vs. Humphrey)**: No precise gender breakdown available, but a majority of Black voters supported the Democratic candidate, Hubert Humphrey.
2. **1972 (Nixon vs. McGovern)**: Around 87% of Black voters supported George McGovern (Democrat), but specific data for Black women are not available.
3. **1976 (Carter vs. Ford)**: Roughly 83% of Black voters supported Jimmy Carter (Democrat). Again, no specific breakdown by gender.
4. **1980 (Reagan vs. Carter)**: Around 83% of Black voters supported Jimmy Carter (Democrat), with estimates showing similar trends among Black women.
5. **1984 (Reagan vs. Mondale)**: Roughly 91% of Black voters supported Walter Mondale (Democrat), and a significant majority of Black women were part of this group.
6. **1988 (Bush vs. Dukakis)**: 89% of Black voters supported Michael Dukakis (Democrat). Black women were highly likely to follow this trend.
7. **1992 (Clinton vs. Bush)**: Approximately 83% of Black voters supported Bill Clinton (Democrat), with Black women voting at similarly high levels.
8. **1996 (Clinton vs. Dole)**: About 84% of Black voters supported Bill Clinton (Democrat), with a majority of Black women again showing strong support.
9. **2000 (Bush vs. Gore)**: 90% of Black voters supported Al Gore (Democrat), and Black women strongly backed Gore as well.
10. **2004 (Bush vs. Kerry)**: 88% of Black voters supported John Kerry (Democrat), with similar support among Black women.
11. **2008 (Obama vs. McCain)**: 96% of Black women supported Barack Obama (Democrat).
12. **2012 (Obama vs. Romney)**: 96% of Black women again supported Barack Obama.
13. **2016 (Clinton vs. Trump)**: 94% of Black women supported Hillary Clinton (Democrat).
14. **2020 (Biden vs. Trump)**: 93% of Black women supported Joe Biden (Democrat).
In the modern era, Black women have consistently voted overwhelmingly for the Democratic candidate, often at higher rates than any other demographic group. Data on specific percentages are largely available from around 1980 onward, but gender-specific voting statistics before that are limited.
Would you like more detailed information on any particular election or period?