Author Ibram X. Kendi defines racism as:
"Racism is a marriage of racist policies and racist ideas that produces and normalizes racial inequities." (p. 17-18, How to Be an Antiracist)
Kendi then goes on to define racial inequity, racist policies, and racist ideas.
"Racial inequity is when two or more racial groups are not standing on approximately equal footing." (p. 18)
"A racist policy is any measure that produces or sustains racial inequity between racial groups. By policy, I mean written and unwritten laws, rules, procedures, processes, regulations, and guidelines that govern people." (p. 18)
"A racist idea is any idea that suggests one racial group is inferior to or superior to another racial group in any way. Racist ideas argue that the inferiorities and superiorities of racial groups explain racial inequities in society." (p. 20)
For more on these important distinctions and definitions, read pp. 17-23 of his book, How to Be an Antiracist.