I understand all of these to an extent, but I think a lot of the hesitancy is based of false propaganda they've been hearing for their whole lives. It goes back to the 80's concepts of "bootstraps", and "greed is good".
The truth is there needs to be a reprogramming effort that focuses on the benefits of these ideas.
The student debt crisis is based on the false hope being sold to 18–19-year-olds that getting a degree will ensure a brighter future. For myriad reasons, that "bootstrap" dream just never came to fruition for many and now they are saddled with crushing amounts of debt. Forgiving that debt would be a boon to the economy because it puts money in the pockets of those who will spend it, as opposed the PPP loans to the rich that were forgiven.
Universal Healthcare has been proven effective in other countries at lowering government spending on healthcare, as well as medical spending by individuals. Again, this puts more money in the pockets of those who need it and encourage more regular checkups and earlier detection of major diseases.
Higher capital gains taxes are probably the toughest sell in the group, but there's no reason Warren Buffet's tax rate should be lower than his secretary. I think it's reasonable to keep the current Capital Gains taxes for those earning up to $523k, but I don't see why the highest bracket (those above $523k) shouldn't be taxes like normal income, instead of being capped at 20%, since the vast majority of folks make their living off capital gains. As a comparison, the effective tax rate for someone earning $80k is above 20%... so a lot of us suckers, on this board, probably pay a higher tax rate than the billionaire Wall Street types.
Universal Basic Income, while perhaps not needed today, will likely become necessary with the advent of AI. Unless the population declines significantly... I'm talking nuclear holocaust... then there will only be so many jobs to go around. And if the population does decline to the levels needed, humankind will likely be fucked anyway so it won't matter. See Mad Max or Dune.