Well, seeing the ages of your group I'd hesitate from doing this, BUT, my family and I went last winter to Colorado. We stayed in the middle of nowhere, closest town was Cripple Creek. You can see in the photo the approximate location of our Airbnb.
1. If you are looking to just relax, have a quiet mountain getaway, this could be for you. Like I said, we were easily a 25 minute drive from ANYWHERE. Winding mountain roads and beautiful views, including Pike's Peak.
2. Woodland Park is the next closest town that has a Walmart etc. We talked about staying here next time we go. Just to cut down on the drives through the mountains and make it more convenient.Very laid back and not busy at all.
3. From Woodland Park you are about a 20 min drive to Garden of the Gods which is beautiful. Lots of hiking. Biking. You can also go check out Pike's Peak.
4. If you go at Christmas (more on this in a bit) you can visit Santa's North Pole in Manitou Springs. Our daughter (7 at the time) LOVED it. Lots of fun rides, shops and of course, you can meet Santa.
5. Of course Colorado Springs is not far away. Plenty to do here. They have outdoor ice skating downtown, plenty of restaurants, etc.
5. Winter in Colorado: Not for the faint of heart, especially if you don't have AWD or 4WD. Keep that in mind. My family of four went in 2019 with my 4x4 truck. I never felt out of place or unsafe. This past Christmas, we had my wife's parents so we had to go in our mini-van. Front wheel drive. As we were driving into Colorado Springs on our way to our Airbnb, the smaller city streets were very icy. I was surprised, but didn't have to use the chains. We visited Breckenridge one day and I had to put the chains on for the Hoosier (?) Pass portion of the drive. It was nerve-racking. If you aren't familiar with winter driving I would say avoid this without AWD/4WD. On the way home from Breck it started snowing pretty heavily and I had to put the chains on again to go back home. Easily the worst part of my trip.
Your priority #2 would fit well for the Durango area. We spent a Summer vacation in the Durango area back in...2017 (?) and we would definitely go there again. We stayed near Purgatory and made the drive into Durango when we wanted. Purgatory ski resort has Summer activities as well, including most of the things you mentioned above). Silverton is the the opposite direction and is a BEAUTIFUL drive. I would definitely put the Durango area near the top of my "you should visit this place".